Soviet Diving Regulators: AVM-3M and Mariner Series Vintage Scuba Gear Australia

AVM3-ABM3 also known as Shap 62

Rare Vintage Russian Double-Hose Regulator (Ukraina)

Overview:

The Very Rare Vintage Russian Double-Hose Regulator (Ukraina) represents a pivotal development in scuba diving history as the first mass-produced scuba regulator in the USSR. This single-stage regulator is a true relic of Soviet engineering, embodying the military motto of “adequate is good enough” – a philosophy prioritizing functionality over elegance. Designed for use with a welding-tank type manifold/valve, it reflects the ingenuity of early scuba designs inspired by homemade rigs.

Key Specifications:

Manufacturer: СКБ-КДА, г. Орехово-Зуево (СССР)
Country of Origin: USSR (Russia)
Year of Manufacture: 1966
Serial Number: Not specified
Model Name: Vintage Double-Hose Scuba Regulator AVM-3 (ABM-3)
Type: Single-stage two-hose diving automatic regulator
Valve Operation: Opens against the air flow
Diaphragm Diameter: 120 mm
Air Pressure Supplied to Automatics: 0.3 – 0.4 MPa
Hose Connection Thread: M16x1.5
Connection Thread for Diving Apparatus System: 1/4″

Design and Functionality:

The AVM-3 (ABM-3) regulator was part of a series of diving apparatuses, including ShAP-40 and ShAP-62, forming the second stage of an open breathing system. It relied on air supplied from the surface through a hose, ensuring the diver could breathe underwater with minimal complexity.

The regulator reduced the high-pressure air flow from a pressure-reducing valve or surface-supplied hose into a breathable pressure suitable for diving. It featured a one-way directional valve in both air supply connections to enhance reliability.

The original mouthpiece, adapted for use with specialized diving suits or accessories, included an atmospheric valve. The illustrated version, however, uses a mouthpiece from the AVM-1M “Impostor”, showcasing the adaptability of Soviet designs.

Historical Significance:

The AVM-3 was part of a groundbreaking era of diving innovation spearheaded by the USSR’s Ministry of Defense Research Institute, starting in 1956. Early Soviet regulators such as the AVM-1M, AVM-3, and Ukraina paved the way for recreational and professional diving in the Soviet Union.

Evolution of Soviet Diving Equipment:

The Mariner Series: In 1957, the USSR introduced the Подводник-1 (Mariner-I or ABM-1), its first large-scale two-hose regulator. Designed by engineers Soldatenkova and Kitaeva, it marked the Soviet Union’s transition into modern diving technology. These regulators, initially reserved for military and professional divers, spurred a significant rise in recreational diving activities once made available to the public.
AVM-3 and AVM-3M Models: The AVM-3 was succeeded by the AVM-3M, an enhanced version with improved reliability for cold water and harsh environments. The regulator’s robust all-metal construction made it heavier than its Western counterparts, yet it excelled in performance and durability.
Impact on Recreational Diving: Soviet innovations, such as the AVM-3M, facilitated the growth of underwater sports in the USSR, making double-hose regulators more accessible to non-military divers. These advancements significantly contributed to the development of water sports and recreational diving throughout the region.

Key Features of the AVM-3 (ABM-3):

Design: A balanced single-stage regulator with a rugged, utilitarian aesthetic.
Performance: Built for cold water conditions, ensuring reliability in extreme environments.
Usage: Primarily utilized by military divers but also popular among civilian enthusiasts.
Material: Constructed primarily of metal for durability but heavier than Western models.

Importance in Diving History:

The AVM-3 (ABM-3) regulator is a testament to Soviet engineering’s practical approach, prioritizing reliability and functionality. Its development played a pivotal role in fostering diving culture within the USSR, bridging the gap between military and civilian underwater exploration. Collectors and enthusiasts now regard this regulator as a rare and valuable piece of diving history.

Conclusion:

For diving historians, collectors, and enthusiasts, the Very Rare Vintage Russian Double-Hose Regulator (Ukraina) represents an extraordinary opportunity to own a piece of diving heritage. Its revolutionary design, historical significance, and rugged functionality make it a remarkable artifact from the golden age of scuba innovation in the USSR.